Image
1000
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Internet_map_1024.jpg
NodeXL
Bottom Center
NodeXL is a network analysis and visualization software package for Microsoft Excel 2007/2010/2013/2016. The free version contains network visualization and social network analysis features. The commercial version includes access to social media network data importers, advanced network metrics, and automation. It is a popular package similar to other network visualization tools such as Pajek, UCINet, and Gephi.
9999
2254.24072265625
5123.1796875
0
49
2178.166667
0.020408
0.107346
12.179942
0.024234693877551
0
3
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NodeXL
Article
NodeXL is a network analysis and visualization software package for Microsoft Excel 2007/2010/2013/2016. The free version contains network visualization and social network analysis features. The commercial version includes access to social media network data importers, advanced network metrics, and automation. It is a popular package similar to other network visualization tools such as Pajek, UCINet, and Gephi.
0.3388158
64
1
4
6.66666666666667
0
0
0
0
56
93.3333333333333
60
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/1024px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png
Geographic Data Files
Bottom Center
Geographic Data Files (GDF) is an interchange file format for geographic data.
In contrast with generic GIS formats, GDF provides detailed rules for data capture and representation, and an extensive catalog of standard features, attributes and relationships. The most recent extension expanded applicability further towards pedestrian navigation, 3-D map rendering, and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS).
GDF is commonly used for data interchange in many industries such as automotive navigation systems, fleet management, dispatch management, road traffic analysis, traffic management, and automatic vehicle location.
Originated as a flat plain-text file, GDF is not intended to be used directly for any large scale geographic application and normally requires conversion into a more efficient format. Consumability has been increased with most-recent developments for XML and SQL renditions.
The maps in GDF format are provided by many map vendors such as HERE, TomTom, Mapscape BV, GeoSmart, Automotive Navigation Data, AutoNavi and NavInfo.
1
3937.0693359375
1673.44567871094
1
0
0
0.010309
0.012909
0.361284
0
0
4
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic Data Files
Article
Geographic Data Files (GDF) is an interchange file format for geographic data.
In contrast with generic GIS formats, GDF provides detailed rules for data capture and representation, and an extensive catalog of standard features, attributes and relationships. The most recent extension expanded applicability further towards pedestrian navigation, 3-D map rendering, and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS).
GDF is commonly used for data interchange in many industries such as automotive navigation systems, fleet management, dispatch management, road traffic analysis, traffic management, and automatic vehicle location.
Originated as a flat plain-text file, GDF is not intended to be used directly for any large scale geographic application and normally requires conversion into a more efficient format. Consumability has been increased with most-recent developments for XML and SQL renditions.
The maps in GDF format are provided by many map vendors such as HERE, TomTom, Mapscape BV, GeoSmart, Automotive Navigation Data, AutoNavi and NavInfo.
0.2140048
82
1
2
1.31578947368421
0
0
0
0
150
98.6842105263158
152
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Computer_monitor_screen_image_simulated.jpg
human computer interaction
Bottom Center
Human-computer interaction (HCI) is a field based in the design and the use of computer technology, which focuses on the interfaces between people (users) and computers. HCI researchers observe the ways humans interact with computers, and they design technologies that let humans interact with computers in novel ways.
As a field of research, human-computer interaction is situated at the intersection of computer science, behavioural sciences, design, media studies, and several other fields of study. The term was popularized by Stuart K. Card, Allen Newell, and Thomas P. Moran in their seminal 1983 book, The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction, although the authors first used the term in 1980 and the first known use was in 1975. The term is intended to convey that, unlike other tools with specific and limited uses, computers have many uses and their use often involves an open-ended dialog between the user and the computer. The notion of dialog likens human-computer interaction to human-to-human interaction, an analogy that is crucial to theoretical considerations in the field.
1
376.754333496094
7877.08203125
1
0
0
0.010309
0.012909
0.361284
0
0
5
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/human computer interaction
Article
Human-computer interaction (HCI) is a field based in the design and the use of computer technology, which focuses on the interfaces between people (users) and computers. HCI researchers observe the ways humans interact with computers, and they design technologies that let humans interact with computers in novel ways.
As a field of research, human-computer interaction is situated at the intersection of computer science, behavioural sciences, design, media studies, and several other fields of study. The term was popularized by Stuart K. Card, Allen Newell, and Thomas P. Moran in their seminal 1983 book, The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction, although the authors first used the term in 1980 and the first known use was in 1975. The term is intended to convey that, unlike other tools with specific and limited uses, computers have many uses and their use often involves an open-ended dialog between the user and the computer. The notion of dialog likens human-computer interaction to human-to-human interaction, an analogy that is crucial to theoretical considerations in the field.
0.1190476
7
1
0
0
1
0.568181818181818
0
0
175
99.4318181818182
176
Image
148.486746209122
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/SocialNetworkAnalysis.png
Force-directed graph drawing
Bottom Center
Force-directed graph drawing algorithms are a class of algorithms for drawing graphs in an aesthetically-pleasing way. Their purpose is to position the nodes of a graph in two-dimensional or three-dimensional space so that all the edges are of more or less equal length and there are as few crossing edges as possible, by assigning forces among the set of edges and the set of nodes, based on their relative positions, and then using these forces either to simulate the motion of the edges and nodes or to minimize their energy.While graph drawing can be a difficult problem, force-directed algorithms, being physical simulations, usually require no special knowledge about graph theory such as planarity.
7.88514805924169
5304.443359375
9234.6962890625
1
3
1.5
0.010638
0.022611
0.958098
0.333333333333333
0
6
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force-directed graph drawing
Article
Force-directed graph drawing algorithms are a class of algorithms for drawing graphs in an aesthetically-pleasing way. Their purpose is to position the nodes of a graph in two-dimensional or three-dimensional space so that all the edges are of more or less equal length and there are as few crossing edges as possible, by assigning forces among the set of edges and the set of nodes, based on their relative positions, and then using these forces either to simulate the motion of the edges and nodes or to minimize their energy.While graph drawing can be a difficult problem, force-directed algorithms, being physical simulations, usually require no special knowledge about graph theory such as planarity.
0.3598697
233
2
1
0.840336134453782
2
1.68067226890756
0
0
116
97.4789915966387
119
Image
53.6455345135411
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e2/CytoscapeHome.png
Cytoscape
Bottom Center
Cytoscape is an open source bioinformatics software platform for visualizing molecular interaction networks and integrating with gene expression profiles and other state data. Additional features are available as plugins. Plugins are available for network and molecular profiling analyses, new layouts, additional file format support and connection with databases and searching in large networks. Plugins may be developed using the Cytoscape open Java software architecture by anyone and plugin community development is encouraged. Cytoscape also has a JavaScript-centric sister project named Cytoscape.js that can be used to analyse and visualise graphs in JavaScript environments, like a browser.
4.06006733414032
6299.25
9930.7861328125
4
1
0.666667
0.010638
0.023376
0.94628
0.5
0.25
7
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoscape
Article
Cytoscape is an open source bioinformatics software platform for visualizing molecular interaction networks and integrating with gene expression profiles and other state data. Additional features are available as plugins. Plugins are available for network and molecular profiling analyses, new layouts, additional file format support and connection with databases and searching in large networks. Plugins may be developed using the Cytoscape open Java software architecture by anyone and plugin community development is encouraged. Cytoscape also has a JavaScript-centric sister project named Cytoscape.js that can be used to analyse and visualise graphs in JavaScript environments, like a browser.
0.3123232
90
2
4
4.08163265306122
0
0
0
0
94
95.9183673469388
98
Image
182.132222245839
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Internet_map_1024.jpg
centrality
Bottom Center
In graph theory and network analysis, indicators of centrality assign numbers or rankings to nodes within a graph corresponding to their network position. Applications include identifying the most influential person(s) in a social network, key infrastructure nodes in the Internet or urban networks, super-spreaders of disease, and brain networks. Centrality concepts were first developed in social network analysis, and many of the terms used to measure centrality reflect their sociological origin.
10.1801974123223
4969.27880859375
6249.08056640625
4
1
2
0.010638
0.021334
0.977715
0.25
0.25
8
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/centrality
Article
In graph theory and network analysis, indicators of centrality assign numbers or rankings to nodes within a graph corresponding to their network position. Applications include identifying the most influential person(s) in a social network, key infrastructure nodes in the Internet or urban networks, super-spreaders of disease, and brain networks. Centrality concepts were first developed in social network analysis, and many of the terms used to measure centrality reflect their sociological origin.
0.3838294
459
2
2
2.73972602739726
0
0
0
0
71
97.2602739726027
73
Image
453.361175044246
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Gephi_0.9.1_Network_Analysis_and_Visualization_Software.png
Gephi
Bottom Center
Gephi is an open-source network analysis and visualization software package written in Java on the NetBeans platform.
94.3320054952434
6317.24267578125
7856.02392578125
5
7
20.333333
0.011236
0.035968
1.990229
0.194444444444444
0.333333333333333
9
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gephi
Article
Gephi is an open-source network analysis and visualization software package written in Java on the NetBeans platform.
0.2885211
101
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
100
18
Image
101.06611112292
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Clustering_coefficient_example.svg
clustering coefficient
Bottom Center
In graph theory, a clustering coefficient is a measure of the degree to which nodes in a graph tend to cluster together. Evidence suggests that in most real-world networks, and in particular social networks, nodes tend to create tightly knit groups characterised by a relatively high density of ties; this likelihood tends to be greater than the average probability of a tie randomly established between two nodes (Holland and Leinhardt, 1971; Watts and Strogatz, 1998).
Two versions of this measure exist: the global and the local. The global version was designed to give an overall indication of the clustering in the network, whereas the local gives an indication of the embeddedness of single nodes.
5.59009870616113
439.610900878906
4811.5888671875
2
1
1
0.010526
0.016491
0.880406
0.333333333333333
0
11
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/clustering coefficient
Article
In graph theory, a clustering coefficient is a measure of the degree to which nodes in a graph tend to cluster together. Evidence suggests that in most real-world networks, and in particular social networks, nodes tend to create tightly knit groups characterised by a relatively high density of ties; this likelihood tends to be greater than the average probability of a tie randomly established between two nodes (Holland and Leinhardt, 1971; Watts and Strogatz, 1998).
Two versions of this measure exist: the global and the local. The global version was designed to give an overall indication of the clustering in the network, whereas the local gives an indication of the embeddedness of single nodes.
0.3293185
217
1
0
0
1
0.869565217391304
0
0
114
99.1304347826087
115
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/1024px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png
distance (graph theory)
Bottom Center
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the distance between two vertices in a graph is the number of edges in a shortest path (also called a graph geodesic) connecting them. This is also known as the geodesic distance. Notice that there may be more than one shortest path between two vertices. If there is no path connecting the two vertices, i.e., if they belong to different connected components, then conventionally the distance is defined as infinite.
In the case of a directed graph the distance
d
(
u
,
v
)
{\displaystyle d(u,v)}
between two vertices
u
{\displaystyle u}
and
v
{\displaystyle v}
is defined as the length of a shortest directed path from
u
{\displaystyle u}
to
v
{\displaystyle v}
consisting of arcs, provided at least one such path exists. Notice that, in contrast with the case of undirected graphs,
d
(
u
,
v
)
{\displaystyle d(u,v)}
does not necessarily coincide with
d
(
v
,
u
)
{\displaystyle d(v,u)}
, and it might be the case that one is defined while the other is not.
1
75.9462127685547
3520.10034179688
2
0
0
0.010417
0.014892
0.610732
0.5
0
12
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/distance (graph theory)
Article
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the distance between two vertices in a graph is the number of edges in a shortest path (also called a graph geodesic) connecting them. This is also known as the geodesic distance. Notice that there may be more than one shortest path between two vertices. If there is no path connecting the two vertices, i.e., if they belong to different connected components, then conventionally the distance is defined as infinite.
In the case of a directed graph the distance
d
(
u
,
v
)
{\displaystyle d(u,v)}
between two vertices
u
{\displaystyle u}
and
v
{\displaystyle v}
is defined as the length of a shortest directed path from
u
{\displaystyle u}
to
v
{\displaystyle v}
consisting of arcs, provided at least one such path exists. Notice that, in contrast with the case of undirected graphs,
d
(
u
,
v
)
{\displaystyle d(u,v)}
does not necessarily coincide with
d
(
v
,
u
)
{\displaystyle d(v,u)}
, and it might be the case that one is defined while the other is not.
0.2356735
124
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
176
100
176
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/2007_Beverly_Johnson.jpg
Northeastern University
Bottom Center
Northeastern University (NU or NEU) is a private research university with its main campus in Boston. Established in 1898, the university offers undergraduate and graduate programs on its main campus in Boston as well as satellite campuses in Charlotte, North Carolina; Seattle, Washington; San Jose, California; San Francisco, California; Portland, Maine; and Toronto and Vancouver in Canada. In 2019, Northeastern purchased the New College of the Humanities in London, England. The university's enrollment is approximately 19,000 undergraduate students and 8,600 graduate students. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". Undergraduate admission to the university is categorized as "most selective."Northeastern features a cooperative education program, more commonly known as "co-op," that integrates classroom study with professional experience and includes over 3,100 partners across all seven continents. The program has been a key part of Northeastern's curriculum of experiential learning for more than a hundred years and is one of the largest co-op/internship programs in the world. While not required for all academic disciplines, participation is nearly universal among undergraduate students. Northeastern also has a comprehensive study abroad program that spans more than 170 universities and colleges.Northeastern is a large, highly residential university. Most undergraduate students choose to live on campus but third-years and above have the option to live off campus. Seventy-eight percent of Northeastern students receive some form of financial aid. In the 2020–21 school year, the university has committed $355 million in grant and scholarship assistance. In 2019, Northeastern's six-year graduation rate was 89 percent.
The university's sports teams, the Northeastern Huskies, compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA) in 18 varsity sports. The men's and women's hockey teams compete in Hockey East, while the men's and women's rowing teams compete in the Eastern Association of Rowing Colleges (EARC) and Eastern Association of Women's Rowing Colleges (EAWRC), respectively. Men's Track and Field has won the CAA back to back years in 2015 and 2016. In 2013, men's basketball won its first CAA regular season championship, men's soccer won the CAA title for the first time, and women's ice hockey won a record 16th Beanpot championship. The Northeastern men's hockey team won the 2018, 2019, and 2020 Beanpot, beating out Boston University, Boston College, and Harvard.
1
7807.75830078125
3677.8583984375
1
1
0
0.010417
0.016003
0.565718
0.5
0
13
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeastern University
Article
Northeastern University (NU or NEU) is a private research university with its main campus in Boston. Established in 1898, the university offers undergraduate and graduate programs on its main campus in Boston as well as satellite campuses in Charlotte, North Carolina; Seattle, Washington; San Jose, California; San Francisco, California; Portland, Maine; and Toronto and Vancouver in Canada. In 2019, Northeastern purchased the New College of the Humanities in London, England. The university's enrollment is approximately 19,000 undergraduate students and 8,600 graduate students. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". Undergraduate admission to the university is categorized as "most selective."Northeastern features a cooperative education program, more commonly known as "co-op," that integrates classroom study with professional experience and includes over 3,100 partners across all seven continents. The program has been a key part of Northeastern's curriculum of experiential learning for more than a hundred years and is one of the largest co-op/internship programs in the world. While not required for all academic disciplines, participation is nearly universal among undergraduate students. Northeastern also has a comprehensive study abroad program that spans more than 170 universities and colleges.Northeastern is a large, highly residential university. Most undergraduate students choose to live on campus but third-years and above have the option to live off campus. Seventy-eight percent of Northeastern students receive some form of financial aid. In the 2020–21 school year, the university has committed $355 million in grant and scholarship assistance. In 2019, Northeastern's six-year graduation rate was 89 percent.
The university's sports teams, the Northeastern Huskies, compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA) in 18 varsity sports. The men's and women's hockey teams compete in Hockey East, while the men's and women's rowing teams compete in the Eastern Association of Rowing Colleges (EARC) and Eastern Association of Women's Rowing Colleges (EAWRC), respectively. Men's Track and Field has won the CAA back to back years in 2015 and 2016. In 2013, men's basketball won its first CAA regular season championship, men's soccer won the CAA title for the first time, and women's ice hockey won a record 16th Beanpot championship. The Northeastern men's hockey team won the 2018, 2019, and 2020 Beanpot, beating out Boston University, Boston College, and Harvard.
0.5098743
500
4
9
2.31958762886598
0
0
0
0
379
97.680412371134
388
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/1024px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png
Morningside Analytics
Bottom Center
1
4403.71533203125
3251.3212890625
1
0
0
0.010309
0.012909
0.361284
0
0
15
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morningside Analytics
Article
NaN
0
1
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/1024px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png
Foreign Policy (magazine)
Bottom Center
Foreign Policy is an American news publication, founded in 1970 and focused on global affairs, current events, and domestic and international policy. It produces content daily on its website, and in six print issues annually.
Foreign Policy magazine and ForeignPolicy.com are published by The FP Group, a division of Graham Holdings Company (formerly The Washington Post Company). The FP Group also produces FP Events, Foreign Policy's events division, launched in 2012.
1
2228.23876953125
90.3833694458008
2
0
0
0.010417
0.015176
0.592382
0.5
0
16
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign Policy (magazine)
Article
Foreign Policy is an American news publication, founded in 1970 and focused on global affairs, current events, and domestic and international policy. It produces content daily on its website, and in six print issues annually.
Foreign Policy magazine and ForeignPolicy.com are published by The FP Group, a division of Graham Holdings Company (formerly The Washington Post Company). The FP Group also produces FP Events, Foreign Policy's events division, launched in 2012.
0
2
1
0
0
1
1.38888888888889
0
0
71
98.6111111111111
72
Image
229.552857332042
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Cornell_University_seal.svg
Cornell University
Bottom Center
Cornell University ( kor-NEL) is a private, statutory, Ivy League and land-grant research university in Ithaca, New York. Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White, the university was intended to teach and make contributions in all fields of knowledge—from the classics to the sciences, and from the theoretical to the applied. These ideals, unconventional for the time, are captured in Cornell's founding principle, a popular 1868 quotation from founder Ezra Cornell: "I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study."The university is broadly organized into seven undergraduate colleges and seven graduate divisions at its main Ithaca campus, with each college and division defining its specific admission standards and academic programs in near autonomy. The university also administers two satellite medical campuses, one in New York City and one in Education City, Qatar.
Cornell is one of the few private land grant universities in the United States. Of its seven undergraduate colleges, three are state-supported statutory or contract colleges through the State University of New York (SUNY) system, including its agricultural and human ecology colleges as well as its industrial labor relations school. Of Cornell's graduate schools, only the veterinary college is state-supported. As a land grant college, Cornell operates a cooperative extension outreach program in every county of New York and receives annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions. The Cornell University Ithaca Campus comprises 745 acres, but is much larger when the Cornell Botanic Gardens (more than 4,300 acres) and the numerous university-owned lands in New York City are considered.Alumni and affiliates of Cornell have reached many notable and influential positions in politics, media, and science. As of April 2021, 61 Nobel laureates, four Turing Award winners and one Fields Medalist have been affiliated with Cornell. Cornell counts more than 250,000 living alumni, and its former and present faculty and alumni include 34 Marshall Scholars, 33 Rhodes Scholars, 29 Truman Scholars, 7 Gates Scholars, 55 Olympic Medalists, 10 current Fortune 500 CEOs, and 35 billionaire alumni. Since its founding, Cornell has been a co-educational, non-sectarian institution where admission has not been restricted by religion or race. The student body consists of more than 15,000 undergraduate and 9,000 graduate students from all 50 American states and 119 countries.
14.7702961184834
1790.1953125
1383.93078613281
2
3
3
0.010638
0.018849
1.087523
0.25
0.25
17
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell University
Article
Cornell University ( kor-NEL) is a private, statutory, Ivy League and land-grant research university in Ithaca, New York. Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White, the university was intended to teach and make contributions in all fields of knowledge—from the classics to the sciences, and from the theoretical to the applied. These ideals, unconventional for the time, are captured in Cornell's founding principle, a popular 1868 quotation from founder Ezra Cornell: "I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study."The university is broadly organized into seven undergraduate colleges and seven graduate divisions at its main Ithaca campus, with each college and division defining its specific admission standards and academic programs in near autonomy. The university also administers two satellite medical campuses, one in New York City and one in Education City, Qatar.
Cornell is one of the few private land grant universities in the United States. Of its seven undergraduate colleges, three are state-supported statutory or contract colleges through the State University of New York (SUNY) system, including its agricultural and human ecology colleges as well as its industrial labor relations school. Of Cornell's graduate schools, only the veterinary college is state-supported. As a land grant college, Cornell operates a cooperative extension outreach program in every county of New York and receives annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions. The Cornell University Ithaca Campus comprises 745 acres, but is much larger when the Cornell Botanic Gardens (more than 4,300 acres) and the numerous university-owned lands in New York City are considered.Alumni and affiliates of Cornell have reached many notable and influential positions in politics, media, and science. As of April 2021, 61 Nobel laureates, four Turing Award winners and one Fields Medalist have been affiliated with Cornell. Cornell counts more than 250,000 living alumni, and its former and present faculty and alumni include 34 Marshall Scholars, 33 Rhodes Scholars, 29 Truman Scholars, 7 Gates Scholars, 55 Olympic Medalists, 10 current Fortune 500 CEOs, and 35 billionaire alumni. Since its founding, Cornell has been a co-educational, non-sectarian institution where admission has not been restricted by religion or race. The student body consists of more than 15,000 undergraduate and 9,000 graduate students from all 50 American states and 119 countries.
0.432656
500
1
9
2.28426395939086
1
0.253807106598985
0
0
384
97.4619289340101
394
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/120718-A-AO884-034_Australian_Army_Chief_Lt._Gen._David_Morrison_cropped.jpg
Australian National University
Bottom Center
The Australian National University (ANU) is a public research university located in Canberra, the capital of Australia. Its main campus in Acton encompasses seven teaching and research colleges, in addition to several national academies and institutes.ANU is regarded as one of the world's leading research universities, and is ranked as the number one university in Australia and the Southern Hemisphere by the 2022 QS World University Rankings. It is ranked 27th in the world by the 2022 QS World University Rankings, and 59th in the world (third in Australia) by the 2021 Times Higher Education.In the 2020 Times Higher Education Global Employability University Ranking, an annual ranking of university graduates' employability, ANU was ranked 15th in the world (first in Australia). According to the 2020 QS World University by Subject, the university was also ranked among the top 10 in the world for Anthropology, Earth and Marine Sciences, Geography, Geology, Philosophy, Politics, and Sociology.Established in 1946, ANU is the only university to have been created by the Parliament of Australia. It traces its origins to Canberra University College, which was established in 1929 and was integrated into ANU in 1960. ANU enrolls 10,052 undergraduate and 10,840 postgraduate students and employs 3,753 staff. The university's endowment stood at A$1.8 billion as of 2018.ANU counts six Nobel laureates and 49 Rhodes scholars among its faculty and alumni. The university has educated two prime ministers, 30 current Australian ambassadors and more than a dozen current heads of government departments of Australia. The latest releases of ANU's scholarly publications are held through ANU Press online.
1
4582.59716796875
4981.6630859375
1
0
0
0.010309
0.012909
0.361284
0
0
18
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian National University
Article
The Australian National University (ANU) is a public research university located in Canberra, the capital of Australia. Its main campus in Acton encompasses seven teaching and research colleges, in addition to several national academies and institutes.ANU is regarded as one of the world's leading research universities, and is ranked as the number one university in Australia and the Southern Hemisphere by the 2022 QS World University Rankings. It is ranked 27th in the world by the 2022 QS World University Rankings, and 59th in the world (third in Australia) by the 2021 Times Higher Education.In the 2020 Times Higher Education Global Employability University Ranking, an annual ranking of university graduates' employability, ANU was ranked 15th in the world (first in Australia). According to the 2020 QS World University by Subject, the university was also ranked among the top 10 in the world for Anthropology, Earth and Marine Sciences, Geography, Geology, Philosophy, Politics, and Sociology.Established in 1946, ANU is the only university to have been created by the Parliament of Australia. It traces its origins to Canberra University College, which was established in 1929 and was integrated into ANU in 1960. ANU enrolls 10,052 undergraduate and 10,840 postgraduate students and employs 3,753 staff. The university's endowment stood at A$1.8 billion as of 2018.ANU counts six Nobel laureates and 49 Rhodes scholars among its faculty and alumni. The university has educated two prime ministers, 30 current Australian ambassadors and more than a dozen current heads of government departments of Australia. The latest releases of ANU's scholarly publications are held through ANU Press online.
0.4273334
500
1
4
1.48148148148148
0
0
0
0
266
98.5185185185185
270
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg
Illinois Institute of Technology
Bottom Center
Illinois Institute of Technology (Illinois Tech) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. Tracing its history to 1890, the present name was adopted upon the merger of the Armour Institute and Lewis Institute in 1940. The university has programs in architecture, business, communications, design, engineering, industrial technology, information technology, law, psychology, and science. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".Its historic roots are in several 19th-century engineering and professional education institutions in the United States. In the mid 20th century, it became closely associated with trends in modernist architecture through the work of its Dean of Architecture Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who designed its campus. The Institute of Design, Chicago-Kent College of Law, and Midwest College of Engineering were also merged into Illinois Tech.
1
888.4462890625
758.687255859375
1
0
0
0.010309
0.012909
0.361284
0
0
19
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois Institute of Technology
Article
Illinois Institute of Technology (Illinois Tech) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. Tracing its history to 1890, the present name was adopted upon the merger of the Armour Institute and Lewis Institute in 1940. The university has programs in architecture, business, communications, design, engineering, industrial technology, information technology, law, psychology, and science. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".Its historic roots are in several 19th-century engineering and professional education institutions in the United States. In the mid 20th century, it became closely associated with trends in modernist architecture through the work of its Dean of Architecture Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who designed its campus. The Institute of Design, Chicago-Kent College of Law, and Midwest College of Engineering were also merged into Illinois Tech.
0.4329306
500
1
1
0.757575757575758
0
0
0
0
131
99.2424242424242
132
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/World_Bank_building_at_Washington.jpg
World Bank
Bottom Center
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. It comprises two institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), and the International Development Association (IDA). The World Bank is a component of the World Bank Group.
The World Bank's most recently stated goal is the reduction of poverty.
1
3252.89428710938
3973.97534179688
2
0
0
0.010417
0.01495
0.601564
0.5
0
20
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World Bank
Article
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. It comprises two institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), and the International Development Association (IDA). The World Bank is a component of the World Bank Group.
The World Bank's most recently stated goal is the reduction of poverty.
0.3491837
500
1
0
0
1
1.42857142857143
0
0
69
98.5714285714286
70
Image
101.06611112292
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Abraham_Baldwin_by_Naegele.jpg
University of Georgia
Bottom Center
The University of Georgia (UGA or Georgia) is a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Athens, Georgia. Founded in 1785, it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States. The flagship of the University System of Georgia, it is has been classified as a Public Ivy, a public institution which offers an academic experience equivalent to an Ivy League university.The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity," and as having "more selective" undergraduate admissions, the most selective admissions category, while the ACT Assessment Student Report places UGA admissions in the "Highly Selective" category, the highest classification. Among public universities, the University of Georgia is one of the nation's top three producers of Rhodes Scholars over the past two decades.In addition to the main campuses in Athens with their approximately 470 buildings, the university has two smaller campuses located in Tifton and Griffin. The university has two satellite campuses located in Atlanta and Lawrenceville. The university operates several service and outreach stations spread across the state. The total acreage of the university in 30 Georgia counties is 41,539 acres (168.10 km2). The university also owns a residential education and research center in Washington, DC, as well as three international residential education and research centers located at Oxford University in Oxford, England, at Cortona, Italy, and at Monteverde, Costa Rica.
Student life includes almost 800 student organizations including academic associations, honor societies, debate societies, publications, cultural groups, student government organizations, religious groups, social groups and fraternities, volunteer and community service programs, philanthropic groups, and others. The University of Georgia's intercollegiate sports teams, commonly known by their Georgia Bulldogs nickname, compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). In their more than 120-year history, the university's varsity sports teams have won 45 national championships, 264 individual national championships, 170 conference championships, and 45 Olympic medals.The University of Georgia has distinguished alumni and attendees including current and former members of the United States Senate, members of the United States House of Representatives, a member of the Supreme Court of the United States, members of the Cabinet of the United States, U.S. ambassadors, U.S. governors, federal judges, state supreme court justices, attorneys general, members of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, chairmen and chief executive officers (CEOs) of Fortune 500 companies, banks, and charitable organizations, plus many scholars including Rhodes Scholars, Gates Cambridge Scholars, Marshall Scholars, Boren Scholars, and MacArthur Fellows (the "Genius Grant") winners, as well as Pulitzer Prize winners, a United States Poet Laureate, Peabody Award winners, The New York Times Best Seller list authors, Emmy Award winners, Grammy Award winners, inventors and entrepreneurs, prominent attorneys, medical doctors, scientists, and academics.
5.59009870616113
2481.8056640625
2710.06591796875
2
1
1
0.010526
0.016973
0.848047
0.333333333333333
0
21
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University of Georgia
Article
The University of Georgia (UGA or Georgia) is a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Athens, Georgia. Founded in 1785, it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States. The flagship of the University System of Georgia, it is has been classified as a Public Ivy, a public institution which offers an academic experience equivalent to an Ivy League university.The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity," and as having "more selective" undergraduate admissions, the most selective admissions category, while the ACT Assessment Student Report places UGA admissions in the "Highly Selective" category, the highest classification. Among public universities, the University of Georgia is one of the nation's top three producers of Rhodes Scholars over the past two decades.In addition to the main campuses in Athens with their approximately 470 buildings, the university has two smaller campuses located in Tifton and Griffin. The university has two satellite campuses located in Atlanta and Lawrenceville. The university operates several service and outreach stations spread across the state. The total acreage of the university in 30 Georgia counties is 41,539 acres (168.10 km2). The university also owns a residential education and research center in Washington, DC, as well as three international residential education and research centers located at Oxford University in Oxford, England, at Cortona, Italy, and at Monteverde, Costa Rica.
Student life includes almost 800 student organizations including academic associations, honor societies, debate societies, publications, cultural groups, student government organizations, religious groups, social groups and fraternities, volunteer and community service programs, philanthropic groups, and others. The University of Georgia's intercollegiate sports teams, commonly known by their Georgia Bulldogs nickname, compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). In their more than 120-year history, the university's varsity sports teams have won 45 national championships, 264 individual national championships, 170 conference championships, and 45 Olympic medals.The University of Georgia has distinguished alumni and attendees including current and former members of the United States Senate, members of the United States House of Representatives, a member of the Supreme Court of the United States, members of the Cabinet of the United States, U.S. ambassadors, U.S. governors, federal judges, state supreme court justices, attorneys general, members of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, chairmen and chief executive officers (CEOs) of Fortune 500 companies, banks, and charitable organizations, plus many scholars including Rhodes Scholars, Gates Cambridge Scholars, Marshall Scholars, Boren Scholars, and MacArthur Fellows (the "Genius Grant") winners, as well as Pulitzer Prize winners, a United States Poet Laureate, Peabody Award winners, The New York Times Best Seller list authors, Emmy Award winners, Grammy Award winners, inventors and entrepreneurs, prominent attorneys, medical doctors, scientists, and academics.
0.6070064
500
1
25
5.37634408602151
0
0
0
0
440
94.6236559139785
465
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/11-04-06-LSJUMB-003.jpg
Stanford University
Bottom Center
Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. Stanford was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child, Leland Stanford Jr., who had died of typhoid fever at age 15 the previous year. Stanford is ranked among the best universities in the world by academic publications. It is also one of the top fundraising institutions in the country, becoming the first school to raise more than one billion dollars in a year.Leland Stanford was a U.S. senator and former governor of California who made his fortune as a railroad tycoon. The school admitted its first students on October 1, 1891, as a coeducational and non-denominational institution. Stanford University struggled financially after the death of Leland Stanford in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates' entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would later be known as Silicon Valley.The university is organized around seven schools: three schools consisting of 40 academic departments at the undergraduate level as well as four professional schools that focus on graduate programs in law, medicine, education, and business. All schools are on the same campus. Students compete in 36 varsity sports, and the university is one of two private institutions in the Division I FBS Pac-12 Conference. It has gained 128 NCAA team championships, and Stanford has won the NACDA Directors' Cup for 25 consecutive years, beginning in 1994–1995. In addition, Stanford students and alumni have won 270 Olympic medals including 139 gold medals.As of April 2021, 84 Nobel laureates, 29 Turing Award laureates, and eight Fields Medalists have been affiliated with Stanford as students, alumni, faculty, or staff. In addition, Stanford is particularly noted for its entrepreneurship and is one of the most successful universities in attracting funding for start-ups. Stanford alumni have founded numerous companies, which combined produce more than $2.7 trillion in annual revenue and have created 5.4 million jobs as of 2011, roughly equivalent to the 7th largest economy in the world (as of 2020). Stanford is the alma mater of one president of the United States (Herbert Hoover), 74 living billionaires, and 17 astronauts. It is also one of the leading producers of Fulbright Scholars, Marshall Scholars, Rhodes Scholars, and members of the United States Congress.
1
916.374145507813
2359.05078125
3
2
0
0.010417
0.01725
0.82658
0.5
0.5
22
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford University
Article
Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. Stanford was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child, Leland Stanford Jr., who had died of typhoid fever at age 15 the previous year. Stanford is ranked among the best universities in the world by academic publications. It is also one of the top fundraising institutions in the country, becoming the first school to raise more than one billion dollars in a year.Leland Stanford was a U.S. senator and former governor of California who made his fortune as a railroad tycoon. The school admitted its first students on October 1, 1891, as a coeducational and non-denominational institution. Stanford University struggled financially after the death of Leland Stanford in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates' entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would later be known as Silicon Valley.The university is organized around seven schools: three schools consisting of 40 academic departments at the undergraduate level as well as four professional schools that focus on graduate programs in law, medicine, education, and business. All schools are on the same campus. Students compete in 36 varsity sports, and the university is one of two private institutions in the Division I FBS Pac-12 Conference. It has gained 128 NCAA team championships, and Stanford has won the NACDA Directors' Cup for 25 consecutive years, beginning in 1994–1995. In addition, Stanford students and alumni have won 270 Olympic medals including 139 gold medals.As of April 2021, 84 Nobel laureates, 29 Turing Award laureates, and eight Fields Medalists have been affiliated with Stanford as students, alumni, faculty, or staff. In addition, Stanford is particularly noted for its entrepreneurship and is one of the most successful universities in attracting funding for start-ups. Stanford alumni have founded numerous companies, which combined produce more than $2.7 trillion in annual revenue and have created 5.4 million jobs as of 2011, roughly equivalent to the 7th largest economy in the world (as of 2020). Stanford is the alma mater of one president of the United States (Herbert Hoover), 74 living billionaires, and 17 astronauts. It is also one of the leading producers of Fulbright Scholars, Marshall Scholars, Rhodes Scholars, and members of the United States Congress.
0.4776832
500
1
13
3.17073170731707
5
1.21951219512195
0
0
392
95.609756097561
410
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/2008.05-319-006b_architecture%28Faculdade_de_Letras_da_Universidade_do_Porto%29%2Cbrick%2Carch_camDD41.151224%2C-8.633005%40Via_Panor%C3%A2mica_Edgar_Cardoso%2CPorto%2CPT_thu01may2008-1310.jpg
University of Porto
Bottom Center
The University of Porto (Universidade do Porto) is a Portuguese public university located in Porto, and founded on 22 March 1911. It is the second largest Portuguese university by number of enrolled students, after the University of Lisbon, and has one of the most noted research outputs in Portugal.
1
3741.58935546875
8840.0615234375
1
0
0
0.010309
0.012909
0.361284
0
0
23
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University of Porto
Article
The University of Porto (Universidade do Porto) is a Portuguese public university located in Porto, and founded on 22 March 1911. It is the second largest Portuguese university by number of enrolled students, after the University of Lisbon, and has one of the most noted research outputs in Portugal.
0.4129004
318
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
49
100
49
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Brigham_Young_University_medallion.svg
Brigham Young University
Bottom Center
Brigham Young University (BYU) is a private research university in Provo, Utah that is sponsored by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). It is run under the auspices of the church's education organization, the Church Educational System (CES). BYU is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities and classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High Research Activity" with "more selective, lower transfer-in" admissions. The university's primary emphasis is on undergraduate education in 179 majors but it also has 62 master's and 26 doctoral degree programs. The university also administers two satellite campuses, one in Jerusalem and one in Salt Lake City.
Students attending BYU agree to follow an honor code that mandates behavior in line with LDS teachings, such as academic honesty, adherence to dress and grooming standards, abstinence from extramarital sex and homosexual behavior, and no consumption of illegal drugs, coffee, tea, alcohol, or tobacco. Approximately 99 percent of the students are members of the LDS Church. The university curriculum includes religious education, with required courses in the Bible (King James Version), LDS scripture, doctrine, and history, and the university sponsors weekly devotional assemblies with most speakers addressing religious topics. Sixty-six percent of students either delay enrollment or take a hiatus from their studies to serve as LDS missionaries. An education at BYU is less expensive than at similar private universities, since "a significant portion" of the cost of operating the university is subsidized by the church's tithing funds.BYU's athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the Cougars. Their college football team is an NCAA Division I Independent, while their other sports teams compete in either the West Coast Conference or Mountain Pacific Sports Federation. BYU's sports teams have won a total of nine NCAA national championships and were named National Champions in football by multiple publications in 1984.
1
3239.80688476563
627.053955078125
1
0
0
0.010309
0.012909
0.361284
0
0
24
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigham Young University
Article
Brigham Young University (BYU) is a private research university in Provo, Utah that is sponsored by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). It is run under the auspices of the church's education organization, the Church Educational System (CES). BYU is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities and classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High Research Activity" with "more selective, lower transfer-in" admissions. The university's primary emphasis is on undergraduate education in 179 majors but it also has 62 master's and 26 doctoral degree programs. The university also administers two satellite campuses, one in Jerusalem and one in Salt Lake City.
Students attending BYU agree to follow an honor code that mandates behavior in line with LDS teachings, such as academic honesty, adherence to dress and grooming standards, abstinence from extramarital sex and homosexual behavior, and no consumption of illegal drugs, coffee, tea, alcohol, or tobacco. Approximately 99 percent of the students are members of the LDS Church. The university curriculum includes religious education, with required courses in the Bible (King James Version), LDS scripture, doctrine, and history, and the university sponsors weekly devotional assemblies with most speakers addressing religious topics. Sixty-six percent of students either delay enrollment or take a hiatus from their studies to serve as LDS missionaries. An education at BYU is less expensive than at similar private universities, since "a significant portion" of the cost of operating the university is subsidized by the church's tithing funds.BYU's athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the Cougars. Their college football team is an NCAA Division I Independent, while their other sports teams compete in either the West Coast Conference or Mountain Pacific Sports Federation. BYU's sports teams have won a total of nine NCAA national championships and were named National Champions in football by multiple publications in 1984.
0.5155579
500
1
6
1.89873417721519
3
0.949367088607595
0
0
307
97.1518987341772
316
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/1024px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png
University of Maryland
Bottom Center
The University of Maryland, College Park (University of Maryland, UMD, or simply Maryland) is a public land-grant research university in College Park, Maryland. Founded in 1856, UMD is the flagship institution of the University System of Maryland. It is also the largest university in both the state and the Washington metropolitan area, with more than 41,000 students representing all fifty states and 123 countries, and a global alumni network of over 360,000. Its twelve schools and colleges together offer over 200 degree-granting programs, including 92 undergraduate majors, 107 master's programs, and 83 doctoral programs. UMD is a member of the Association of American Universities and competes in intercollegiate athletics as a member of the Big Ten Conference.
The University of Maryland's proximity to the nation's capital has resulted in many research partnerships with the federal government; faculty receive research funding and institutional support from agencies such as the National Institutes of Health, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Food and Drug Administration, and the Department of Homeland Security. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" and is labeled a "Public Ivy", denoting a quality of education comparable to the private Ivy League. UMD is ranked among the top 100 universities both nationally and globally by several indices.In 2016, the University of Maryland, College Park and the University of Maryland, Baltimore formalized their strategic partnership after their collaboration successfully created more innovative medical, scientific, and educational programs, as well as greater research grants and joint faculty appointments than either campus has been able to accomplish on its own. According to the National Science Foundation, the university spent a combined $1.1 billion on research and development in 2019, ranking it 14th overall in the nation and 8th among all public institutions. As of 2021, the operating budget of the University of Maryland is approximately $2.2 billion.
1
2997.61303710938
9729.9462890625
1
0
0
0.010309
0.012909
0.361284
0
0
25
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University of Maryland
Article
The University of Maryland, College Park (University of Maryland, UMD, or simply Maryland) is a public land-grant research university in College Park, Maryland. Founded in 1856, UMD is the flagship institution of the University System of Maryland. It is also the largest university in both the state and the Washington metropolitan area, with more than 41,000 students representing all fifty states and 123 countries, and a global alumni network of over 360,000. Its twelve schools and colleges together offer over 200 degree-granting programs, including 92 undergraduate majors, 107 master's programs, and 83 doctoral programs. UMD is a member of the Association of American Universities and competes in intercollegiate athletics as a member of the Big Ten Conference.
The University of Maryland's proximity to the nation's capital has resulted in many research partnerships with the federal government; faculty receive research funding and institutional support from agencies such as the National Institutes of Health, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Food and Drug Administration, and the Department of Homeland Security. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" and is labeled a "Public Ivy", denoting a quality of education comparable to the private Ivy League. UMD is ranked among the top 100 universities both nationally and globally by several indices.In 2016, the University of Maryland, College Park and the University of Maryland, Baltimore formalized their strategic partnership after their collaboration successfully created more innovative medical, scientific, and educational programs, as well as greater research grants and joint faculty appointments than either campus has been able to accomplish on its own. According to the National Science Foundation, the university spent a combined $1.1 billion on research and development in 2019, ranking it 14th overall in the nation and 8th among all public institutions. As of 2021, the operating budget of the University of Maryland is approximately $2.2 billion.
0
2
1
6
1.85185185185185
0
0
0
0
318
98.1481481481482
324
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/1024px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png
Connected Action Consulting Group
Bottom Center
1
1986.51220703125
9908.6162109375
1
0
0
0.010309
0.012909
0.361284
0
0
26
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connected Action Consulting Group
Article
NaN
0
1
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Microsoft_Bangalore.jpg
Microsoft Research Cambridge
Bottom Center
Microsoft Research (MSR) is the research subsidiary of Microsoft. It was created in 1991 by Richard Rashid with the intent to advance state-of-the-art computing and solve difficult world problems through technological innovation in collaboration with academic, government, and industry researchers. The Microsoft Research team employs more than 1,000 computer scientists, physicists, engineers, and mathematicians, including Turing Award winners, Fields Medal winners, MacArthur Fellows, and Dijkstra Prize winners.
Between 2010 and 2018, 154,000 AI patents were filed worldwide, with Microsoft having by far the largest percentage of those patents, at 20%. According to estimates in trade publications, Microsoft spent about $6 billion annually in research initiatives from 2002-2010 and has spent from $10-14 billion annually since 2010.Microsoft Research has made significant advances in the field of AI which it has infused in its products including Kinect, Bing, Holo Lens, Cortana, Microsoft Translator, Linkedin and Dynamics to provide its customers with more benefits and better service.The mission statement of MSR is:
Expand the state of the art in each of the areas in which we do research
Rapidly transfer innovative technologies into Microsoft products
Ensure that Microsoft products have a future
1
4351.041015625
7039.5087890625
1
1
0
0.010417
0.014673
0.62832
0.5
0
27
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft Research Cambridge
Article
Microsoft Research (MSR) is the research subsidiary of Microsoft. It was created in 1991 by Richard Rashid with the intent to advance state-of-the-art computing and solve difficult world problems through technological innovation in collaboration with academic, government, and industry researchers. The Microsoft Research team employs more than 1,000 computer scientists, physicists, engineers, and mathematicians, including Turing Award winners, Fields Medal winners, MacArthur Fellows, and Dijkstra Prize winners.
Between 2010 and 2018, 154,000 AI patents were filed worldwide, with Microsoft having by far the largest percentage of those patents, at 20%. According to estimates in trade publications, Microsoft spent about $6 billion annually in research initiatives from 2002-2010 and has spent from $10-14 billion annually since 2010.Microsoft Research has made significant advances in the field of AI which it has infused in its products including Kinect, Bing, Holo Lens, Cortana, Microsoft Translator, Linkedin and Dynamics to provide its customers with more benefits and better service.The mission statement of MSR is:
Expand the state of the art in each of the areas in which we do research
Rapidly transfer innovative technologies into Microsoft products
Ensure that Microsoft products have a future
0.2962962
9
1
10
5.05050505050505
2
1.01010101010101
0
0
186
93.9393939393939
198
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Microsoft_Bangalore.jpg
Microsoft Research
Bottom Center
Microsoft Research (MSR) is the research subsidiary of Microsoft. It was created in 1991 by Richard Rashid with the intent to advance state-of-the-art computing and solve difficult world problems through technological innovation in collaboration with academic, government, and industry researchers. The Microsoft Research team employs more than 1,000 computer scientists, physicists, engineers, and mathematicians, including Turing Award winners, Fields Medal winners, MacArthur Fellows, and Dijkstra Prize winners.
Between 2010 and 2018, 154,000 AI patents were filed worldwide, with Microsoft having by far the largest percentage of those patents, at 20%. According to estimates in trade publications, Microsoft spent about $6 billion annually in research initiatives from 2002-2010 and has spent from $10-14 billion annually since 2010.Microsoft Research has made significant advances in the field of AI which it has infused in its products including Kinect, Bing, Holo Lens, Cortana, Microsoft Translator, Linkedin and Dynamics to provide its customers with more benefits and better service.The mission statement of MSR is:
Expand the state of the art in each of the areas in which we do research
Rapidly transfer innovative technologies into Microsoft products
Ensure that Microsoft products have a future
1
3721.1767578125
6686.9697265625
2
0
0
0.010417
0.014673
0.62832
0.5
0
28
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft Research
Article
Microsoft Research (MSR) is the research subsidiary of Microsoft. It was created in 1991 by Richard Rashid with the intent to advance state-of-the-art computing and solve difficult world problems through technological innovation in collaboration with academic, government, and industry researchers. The Microsoft Research team employs more than 1,000 computer scientists, physicists, engineers, and mathematicians, including Turing Award winners, Fields Medal winners, MacArthur Fellows, and Dijkstra Prize winners.
Between 2010 and 2018, 154,000 AI patents were filed worldwide, with Microsoft having by far the largest percentage of those patents, at 20%. According to estimates in trade publications, Microsoft spent about $6 billion annually in research initiatives from 2002-2010 and has spent from $10-14 billion annually since 2010.Microsoft Research has made significant advances in the field of AI which it has infused in its products including Kinect, Bing, Holo Lens, Cortana, Microsoft Translator, Linkedin and Dynamics to provide its customers with more benefits and better service.The mission statement of MSR is:
Expand the state of the art in each of the areas in which we do research
Rapidly transfer innovative technologies into Microsoft products
Ensure that Microsoft products have a future
0.4056913
418
1
10
5.05050505050505
2
1.01010101010101
0
0
186
93.9393939393939
198
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Internet-mail.svg
Microsoft Exchange Server
Bottom Center
Microsoft Exchange Server is a mail server and calendaring server developed by Microsoft. It runs exclusively on Windows Server operating systems.
The first version was called Exchange Server 4.0, to position it as the successor to the related Microsoft Mail 3.5. Exchange initially used the X.400 directory service but switched to Active Directory later. Until version 5.0 it came bundled with an email client called Microsoft Exchange Client. This was discontinued in favor of Microsoft Outlook.
Exchange Server primarily uses a proprietary protocol called MAPI to talk to email clients, but subsequently added support for POP3, IMAP, and EAS. The standard SMTP protocol is used to communicate to other Internet mail servers.
Exchange Server is licensed both as on-premises software and software as a service (SaaS). In the on-premises form, customers purchase client access licenses (CALs); as SaaS, Microsoft charges a monthly service fee instead.
1
1288.87036132813
7102.27783203125
1
0
0
0.010309
0.012909
0.361284
0
0
29
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft Exchange Server
Article
Microsoft Exchange Server is a mail server and calendaring server developed by Microsoft. It runs exclusively on Windows Server operating systems.
The first version was called Exchange Server 4.0, to position it as the successor to the related Microsoft Mail 3.5. Exchange initially used the X.400 directory service but switched to Active Directory later. Until version 5.0 it came bundled with an email client called Microsoft Exchange Client. This was discontinued in favor of Microsoft Outlook.
Exchange Server primarily uses a proprietary protocol called MAPI to talk to email clients, but subsequently added support for POP3, IMAP, and EAS. The standard SMTP protocol is used to communicate to other Internet mail servers.
Exchange Server is licensed both as on-premises software and software as a service (SaaS). In the on-premises form, customers purchase client access licenses (CALs); as SaaS, Microsoft charges a monthly service fee instead.
0.3434789
500
1
2
1.32450331125828
2
1.32450331125828
0
0
147
97.3509933774834
151
Image
310.618968454961
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/WorldWideWebAroundWikipedia.png
Graph drawing
Bottom Center
Graph drawing is an area of mathematics and computer science combining methods from geometric graph theory and information visualization to derive two-dimensional depictions of graphs arising from applications such as social network analysis, cartography, linguistics, and bioinformatics.A drawing of a graph or network diagram is a pictorial representation of the vertices and edges of a graph. This drawing should not be confused with the graph itself: very different layouts can correspond to the same graph. In the abstract, all that matters is which pairs of vertices are connected by edges. In the concrete, however, the arrangement of these vertices and edges within a drawing affects its understandability, usability, fabrication cost, and aesthetics. The problem gets worse if the graph changes over time by adding and deleting edges (dynamic graph drawing) and the goal is to preserve the user's mental map.
28.5405922369668
7340.85302734375
7934.6884765625
5
3
6
0.01087
0.02846
1.365426
0.3
0.333333333333333
30
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph drawing
Article
Graph drawing is an area of mathematics and computer science combining methods from geometric graph theory and information visualization to derive two-dimensional depictions of graphs arising from applications such as social network analysis, cartography, linguistics, and bioinformatics.A drawing of a graph or network diagram is a pictorial representation of the vertices and edges of a graph. This drawing should not be confused with the graph itself: very different layouts can correspond to the same graph. In the abstract, all that matters is which pairs of vertices are connected by edges. In the concrete, however, the arrangement of these vertices and edges within a drawing affects its understandability, usability, fabrication cost, and aesthetics. The problem gets worse if the graph changes over time by adding and deleting edges (dynamic graph drawing) and the goal is to preserve the user's mental map.
0.472145
427
2
1
0.704225352112676
4
2.8169014084507
0
0
137
96.4788732394366
142
Image
101.06611112292
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Sistema_hipertextual.jpg
hyperlink
Bottom Center
In computing, a hyperlink, or simply a link, is a reference to data that the user can follow by clicking or tapping. A hyperlink points to a whole document or to a specific element within a document. Hypertext is text with hyperlinks. The text that is linked from is called anchor text. A software system that is used for viewing and creating hypertext is a hypertext system, and to create a hyperlink is to hyperlink (or simply to link). A user following hyperlinks is said to navigate or browse the hypertext.
The document containing a hyperlink is known as its source document. For example, in an online reference work such as Wikipedia, or Google, many words and terms in the text are hyperlinked to definitions of those terms. Hyperlinks are often used to implement reference mechanisms such as tables of contents, footnotes, bibliographies, indexes, letters and glossaries.
In some hypertext, hyperlinks can be bidirectional: they can be followed in two directions, so both ends act as anchors and as targets. More complex arrangements exist, such as many-to-many links.
The effect of following a hyperlink may vary with the hypertext system and may sometimes depend on the link itself; for instance, on the World Wide Web most hyperlinks cause the target document to replace the document being displayed, but some are marked to cause the target document to open in a new window (or, perhaps, in a new tab). Another possibility is transclusion, for which the link target is a document fragment that replaces the link anchor within the source document. Not only persons browsing the document follow hyperlinks. These hyperlinks may also be followed automatically by programs. A program that traverses the hypertext, following each hyperlink and gathering all the retrieved documents is known as a Web spider or crawler.
5.59009870616113
4622.61962890625
713.813049316406
3
2
1
0.010526
0.021673
0.970904
0.333333333333333
0
31
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hyperlink
Article
In computing, a hyperlink, or simply a link, is a reference to data that the user can follow by clicking or tapping. A hyperlink points to a whole document or to a specific element within a document. Hypertext is text with hyperlinks. The text that is linked from is called anchor text. A software system that is used for viewing and creating hypertext is a hypertext system, and to create a hyperlink is to hyperlink (or simply to link). A user following hyperlinks is said to navigate or browse the hypertext.
The document containing a hyperlink is known as its source document. For example, in an online reference work such as Wikipedia, or Google, many words and terms in the text are hyperlinked to definitions of those terms. Hyperlinks are often used to implement reference mechanisms such as tables of contents, footnotes, bibliographies, indexes, letters and glossaries.
In some hypertext, hyperlinks can be bidirectional: they can be followed in two directions, so both ends act as anchors and as targets. More complex arrangements exist, such as many-to-many links.
The effect of following a hyperlink may vary with the hypertext system and may sometimes depend on the link itself; for instance, on the World Wide Web most hyperlinks cause the target document to replace the document being displayed, but some are marked to cause the target document to open in a new window (or, perhaps, in a new tab). Another possibility is transclusion, for which the link target is a document fragment that replaces the link anchor within the source document. Not only persons browsing the document follow hyperlinks. These hyperlinks may also be followed automatically by programs. A program that traverses the hypertext, following each hyperlink and gathering all the retrieved documents is known as a Web spider or crawler.
0.3478934
500
4
1
0.33112582781457
1
0.33112582781457
0
0
300
99.3377483443709
302
Image
289.295792082488
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg
Wikipedia
Bottom Center
Wikipedia ( (listen) wik-ih-PEE-dee-ə or (listen) wik-ee-) is a free, multilingual online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteer contributors through a model of open collaboration, using a wiki-based editing system. Wikipedia is the largest and most-read reference work in history, and is consistently one of the 15 most popular websites as ranked by Alexa; as of 2021, it was ranked as the 13th most popular site. The project carries no advertisements and is hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, an American non-profit organization funded mainly through user donations.Wikipedia was launched on January 15, 2001, by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger; Sanger coined its name as a blending of "wiki" and "encyclopedia". Initially available only in English, versions in other languages were quickly developed. The English Wikipedia, with 6.3 million articles as of June 2021, is the largest of the 321 language editions. Combined, Wikipedia's editions comprise more than 56 million articles, and attract more than 17 million edits and more than 1.7 billion unique visitors per month.Wikipedia has received praise for its enablement of the democratization of knowledge, extent of coverage, unique structure, culture, and reduced amount of commercial bias, but has also been criticized for its perceived unreliability and for exhibiting systemic bias, namely geographical bias, racial bias, gender bias against women, and alleged ideological bias. Its coverage of American politics and of the COVID-19 pandemic have received substantial media attention. At various points, Wikipedia has been censored by world governments, ranging from the blocking of specific pages to bans on the entire site. Wikipedia has become an element of popular culture, with references in books, films and academic studies. In 2006, Time magazine stated that the policy of allowing anyone to edit had made Wikipedia the "biggest (and perhaps best) encyclopedia in the world", and is "a testament to the vision of one man, Jimmy Wales". In 2018, Facebook and YouTube announced that they would help users detect fake news by suggesting fact-checking links to related Wikipedia articles.
23.9504935308056
6046.21142578125
1367.85913085938
4
2
5
0.010753
0.022743
1.234523
0.25
0.2
32
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia
Article
Wikipedia ( (listen) wik-ih-PEE-dee-ə or (listen) wik-ee-) is a free, multilingual online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteer contributors through a model of open collaboration, using a wiki-based editing system. Wikipedia is the largest and most-read reference work in history, and is consistently one of the 15 most popular websites as ranked by Alexa; as of 2021, it was ranked as the 13th most popular site. The project carries no advertisements and is hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, an American non-profit organization funded mainly through user donations.Wikipedia was launched on January 15, 2001, by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger; Sanger coined its name as a blending of "wiki" and "encyclopedia". Initially available only in English, versions in other languages were quickly developed. The English Wikipedia, with 6.3 million articles as of June 2021, is the largest of the 321 language editions. Combined, Wikipedia's editions comprise more than 56 million articles, and attract more than 17 million edits and more than 1.7 billion unique visitors per month.Wikipedia has received praise for its enablement of the democratization of knowledge, extent of coverage, unique structure, culture, and reduced amount of commercial bias, but has also been criticized for its perceived unreliability and for exhibiting systemic bias, namely geographical bias, racial bias, gender bias against women, and alleged ideological bias. Its coverage of American politics and of the COVID-19 pandemic have received substantial media attention. At various points, Wikipedia has been censored by world governments, ranging from the blocking of specific pages to bans on the entire site. Wikipedia has become an element of popular culture, with references in books, films and academic studies. In 2006, Time magazine stated that the policy of allowing anyone to edit had made Wikipedia the "biggest (and perhaps best) encyclopedia in the world", and is "a testament to the vision of one man, Jimmy Wales". In 2018, Facebook and YouTube announced that they would help users detect fake news by suggesting fact-checking links to related Wikipedia articles.
0.4791892
500
4
9
2.60869565217391
9
2.60869565217391
0
0
327
94.7826086956522
345
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Oxford_Internet_Institute_Front_Door.jpg
Oxford Internet Institute
Bottom Center
The Oxford Internet Institute (OII) is a multi-disciplinary department of social and computer science dedicated to the study of information, communication, and technology, and is part of the Social Sciences Division of the University of Oxford, England. It is housed over three sites on St Giles in Oxford, including a primary site at 1 St Giles, owned by Balliol College. The department undertakes research and teaching devoted to understanding life online, with the aim of shaping Internet research, policy, and practice.
Founded in 2001, the OII has tracked the Internet's development and use, aiming to shed light on individual, collective and institutional behaviour online. The department brings together academics from a wide range of disciplines including political science, sociology, geography, economics, philosophy, physics and psychology.
The current director is Professor Victoria Nash.
1
6895.87939453125
75.3762588500977
2
0
0
0.010417
0.015644
0.571153
0.5
0
33
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford Internet Institute
Article
The Oxford Internet Institute (OII) is a multi-disciplinary department of social and computer science dedicated to the study of information, communication, and technology, and is part of the Social Sciences Division of the University of Oxford, England. It is housed over three sites on St Giles in Oxford, including a primary site at 1 St Giles, owned by Balliol College. The department undertakes research and teaching devoted to understanding life online, with the aim of shaping Internet research, policy, and practice.
Founded in 2001, the OII has tracked the Internet's development and use, aiming to shed light on individual, collective and institutional behaviour online. The department brings together academics from a wide range of disciplines including political science, sociology, geography, economics, philosophy, physics and psychology.
The current director is Professor Victoria Nash.
0.2814935
168
4
1
0.75187969924812
0
0
0
0
132
99.2481203007519
133
Image
182.132222245839
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Multi-Layer_Neural_Network-Vector-Blank.svg
data mining
Bottom Center
Data mining is a process of extracting and discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of machine learning, statistics, and database systems. Data mining is an interdisciplinary subfield of computer science and statistics with an overall goal to extract information (with intelligent methods) from a data set and transform the information into a comprehensible structure for further use. Data mining is the analysis step of the "knowledge discovery in databases" process, or KDD. Aside from the raw analysis step, it also involves database and data management aspects, data pre-processing, model and inference considerations, interestingness metrics, complexity considerations, post-processing of discovered structures, visualization, and online updating.The term "data mining" is a misnomer, because the goal is the extraction of patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data, not the extraction (mining) of data itself. It also is a buzzword and is frequently applied to any form of large-scale data or information processing (collection, extraction, warehousing, analysis, and statistics) as well as any application of computer decision support system, including artificial intelligence (e.g., machine learning) and business intelligence. The book Data mining: Practical machine learning tools and techniques with Java (which covers mostly machine learning material) was originally to be named just Practical machine learning, and the term data mining was only added for marketing reasons. Often the more general terms (large scale) data analysis and analytics—or, when referring to actual methods, artificial intelligence and machine learning—are more appropriate.
The actual data mining task is the semi-automatic or automatic analysis of large quantities of data to extract previously unknown, interesting patterns such as groups of data records (cluster analysis), unusual records (anomaly detection), and dependencies (association rule mining, sequential pattern mining). This usually involves using database techniques such as spatial indices. These patterns can then be seen as a kind of summary of the input data, and may be used in further analysis or, for example, in machine learning and predictive analytics. For example, the data mining step might identify multiple groups in the data, which can then be used to obtain more accurate prediction results by a decision support system. Neither the data collection, data preparation, nor result interpretation and reporting is part of the data mining step, but do belong to the overall KDD process as additional steps.
The difference between data analysis and data mining is that data analysis is used to test models and hypotheses on the dataset, e.g., analyzing the effectiveness of a marketing campaign, regardless of the amount of data; in contrast, data mining uses machine learning and statistical models to uncover clandestine or hidden patterns in a large volume of data.The related terms data dredging, data fishing, and data snooping refer to the use of data mining methods to sample parts of a larger population data set that are (or may be) too small for reliable statistical inferences to be made about the validity of any patterns discovered. These methods can, however, be used in creating new hypotheses to test against the larger data populations.
10.1801974123223
9929.8271484375
3677.8583984375
3
2
2
0.010638
0.020455
1.016396
0.416666666666667
0.25
34
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/data mining
Article
Data mining is a process of extracting and discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of machine learning, statistics, and database systems. Data mining is an interdisciplinary subfield of computer science and statistics with an overall goal to extract information (with intelligent methods) from a data set and transform the information into a comprehensible structure for further use. Data mining is the analysis step of the "knowledge discovery in databases" process, or KDD. Aside from the raw analysis step, it also involves database and data management aspects, data pre-processing, model and inference considerations, interestingness metrics, complexity considerations, post-processing of discovered structures, visualization, and online updating.The term "data mining" is a misnomer, because the goal is the extraction of patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data, not the extraction (mining) of data itself. It also is a buzzword and is frequently applied to any form of large-scale data or information processing (collection, extraction, warehousing, analysis, and statistics) as well as any application of computer decision support system, including artificial intelligence (e.g., machine learning) and business intelligence. The book Data mining: Practical machine learning tools and techniques with Java (which covers mostly machine learning material) was originally to be named just Practical machine learning, and the term data mining was only added for marketing reasons. Often the more general terms (large scale) data analysis and analytics—or, when referring to actual methods, artificial intelligence and machine learning—are more appropriate.
The actual data mining task is the semi-automatic or automatic analysis of large quantities of data to extract previously unknown, interesting patterns such as groups of data records (cluster analysis), unusual records (anomaly detection), and dependencies (association rule mining, sequential pattern mining). This usually involves using database techniques such as spatial indices. These patterns can then be seen as a kind of summary of the input data, and may be used in further analysis or, for example, in machine learning and predictive analytics. For example, the data mining step might identify multiple groups in the data, which can then be used to obtain more accurate prediction results by a decision support system. Neither the data collection, data preparation, nor result interpretation and reporting is part of the data mining step, but do belong to the overall KDD process as additional steps.
The difference between data analysis and data mining is that data analysis is used to test models and hypotheses on the dataset, e.g., analyzing the effectiveness of a marketing campaign, regardless of the amount of data; in contrast, data mining uses machine learning and statistical models to uncover clandestine or hidden patterns in a large volume of data.The related terms data dredging, data fishing, and data snooping refer to the use of data mining methods to sample parts of a larger population data set that are (or may be) too small for reliable statistical inferences to be made about the validity of any patterns discovered. These methods can, however, be used in creating new hypotheses to test against the larger data populations.
0.3388149
500
5
12
2.33463035019455
3
0.583657587548638
0
0
499
97.0817120622568
514
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/901_Cherry_Avenue.jpg
YouTube
Bottom Center
YouTube is an American online video sharing and social media platform launched by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim in February 2005. Its users watch more than one billion hours of videos each day. YouTube content creators, popularly referred to as YouTubers, upload over 100 hours of content per minute.In October 2006, YouTube was bought by Google for $1.65 billion. It has since evolved from a small video streaming platform to a large service influencing popular culture, internet trends, and creating multimillionaire celebrities. YouTube has reported revenues of $19.8 billion in 2020. After Google, YouTube is the most visited website worldwide, with over one billion monthly users. Google's ownership of YouTube has also changed its business model; it no longer generates revenue from advertisements alone. YouTube now offers paid content such as movies and exclusive content. YouTube and approved creators participate in Google's AdSense program, which generates more revenue for both parties.
YouTube has expanded beyond the website into mobile apps, network television, and to permitting other services like Discord and Nintendo to be linked to it. The range of videos on YouTube includes music videos, video clips, short films, feature films, documentaries, audio recordings, corporate sponsored movie trailers, live streams, vlogs, as well as content from popular YouTubers. Most content is generated by individuals, including collaborations between YouTubers and companies that sponsor them. Since around 2015, established media corporations such as Disney, ViacomCBS, and WarnerMedia have created and expanded their corporate YouTube channels to promote their content to a larger audience. YouTube also acts as a social network by allowing users with a Google account to watch and upload their own videos, comment on videos, rate and respond to comments, like or dislike videos, create playlists, and subscribe to other users and channels.
With billions of hours of content and thousands of niche groups, YouTube has also had a great social impact. As it has grown and evolved, it has become involved in many controversies that have made headline news such as its self-censorship, alleged corporate favoritism, allowing its users to spread conspiracy theories, and issues regarding child safety and wellbeing.
1
5526.19189453125
2725.57080078125
3
1
0
0.010526
0.018738
0.775586
0.5
0.333333333333333
35
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube
Article
YouTube is an American online video sharing and social media platform launched by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim in February 2005. Its users watch more than one billion hours of videos each day. YouTube content creators, popularly referred to as YouTubers, upload over 100 hours of content per minute.In October 2006, YouTube was bought by Google for $1.65 billion. It has since evolved from a small video streaming platform to a large service influencing popular culture, internet trends, and creating multimillionaire celebrities. YouTube has reported revenues of $19.8 billion in 2020. After Google, YouTube is the most visited website worldwide, with over one billion monthly users. Google's ownership of YouTube has also changed its business model; it no longer generates revenue from advertisements alone. YouTube now offers paid content such as movies and exclusive content. YouTube and approved creators participate in Google's AdSense program, which generates more revenue for both parties.
YouTube has expanded beyond the website into mobile apps, network television, and to permitting other services like Discord and Nintendo to be linked to it. The range of videos on YouTube includes music videos, video clips, short films, feature films, documentaries, audio recordings, corporate sponsored movie trailers, live streams, vlogs, as well as content from popular YouTubers. Most content is generated by individuals, including collaborations between YouTubers and companies that sponsor them. Since around 2015, established media corporations such as Disney, ViacomCBS, and WarnerMedia have created and expanded their corporate YouTube channels to promote their content to a larger audience. YouTube also acts as a social network by allowing users with a Google account to watch and upload their own videos, comment on videos, rate and respond to comments, like or dislike videos, create playlists, and subscribe to other users and channels.
With billions of hours of content and thousands of niche groups, YouTube has also had a great social impact. As it has grown and evolved, it has become involved in many controversies that have made headline news such as its self-censorship, alleged corporate favoritism, allowing its users to spread conspiracy theories, and issues regarding child safety and wellbeing.
0.4677044
500
4
7
1.96078431372549
4
1.12044817927171
0
0
346
96.9187675070028
357
Image
339.28694619987
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg
Microsoft Windows
Bottom Center
Microsoft Windows, commonly referred to as Windows, is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families, all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft. Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry. Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT; these may encompass subfamilies, (e.g. Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact) (Windows CE). Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x, Windows Mobile and Windows Phone.
Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985, as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal computer (PC) market with over 90% market share, overtaking Mac OS, which had been introduced in 1984.
Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh (eventually settled in court in Microsoft's favor in 1993). On PCs, Windows is still the most popular operating system in all countries. However, in 2014, Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android, because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones. In 2014, the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold. This comparison, however, may not be fully relevant, as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms. Still, numbers for server use of Windows (that are comparable to competitors) show one third market share, similar to that for end user use.
As of May 2021, the most recent version of Windows for PCs, tablets and embedded devices is Windows 10, version 21H1. The most recent version for server computers is Windows Server, version 21H1. A specialized version of Windows also runs on the Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S video game consoles.
36.1907582772682
8405.2314453125
5167.0263671875
6
0
7.666667
0.01087
0.028639
1.381755
0.266666666666667
0
36
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft Windows
Article
Microsoft Windows, commonly referred to as Windows, is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families, all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft. Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry. Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT; these may encompass subfamilies, (e.g. Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact) (Windows CE). Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x, Windows Mobile and Windows Phone.
Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985, as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal computer (PC) market with over 90% market share, overtaking Mac OS, which had been introduced in 1984.
Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh (eventually settled in court in Microsoft's favor in 1993). On PCs, Windows is still the most popular operating system in all countries. However, in 2014, Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android, because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones. In 2014, the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold. This comparison, however, may not be fully relevant, as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms. Still, numbers for server use of Windows (that are comparable to competitors) show one third market share, similar to that for end user use.
As of May 2021, the most recent version of Windows for PCs, tablets and embedded devices is Windows 10, version 21H1. The most recent version for server computers is Windows Server, version 21H1. A specialized version of Windows also runs on the Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S video game consoles.
0.4833722
500
3
6
1.92307692307692
4
1.28205128205128
0
0
302
96.7948717948718
312
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/1024px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png
Assembly (CLI)
Bottom Center
Defined by Microsoft for use in recent versions of Windows, an assembly in the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) is a compiled code library used for deployment, versioning, and security. There are two types: process assemblies (EXE) and library assemblies (DLL). A process assembly represents a process that will use classes defined in library assemblies. CLI assemblies contain code in CIL, which is usually generated from a CLI language, and then compiled into machine language at run time by the just-in-time compiler. In the .NET Framework implementation, this compiler is part of the Common Language Runtime (CLR).
An assembly can consist of one or more files. Code files are called modules. An assembly can contain more than one code module. And since it is possible to use different languages to create code modules, it is technically possible to use several different languages to create an assembly. Visual Studio however does not support using different languages in one assembly.
1
8388.5185546875
9908.6162109375
1
1
0
0.010417
0.016219
0.56538
0.5
0
37
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly (CLI)
Article
Defined by Microsoft for use in recent versions of Windows, an assembly in the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) is a compiled code library used for deployment, versioning, and security. There are two types: process assemblies (EXE) and library assemblies (DLL). A process assembly represents a process that will use classes defined in library assemblies. CLI assemblies contain code in CIL, which is usually generated from a CLI language, and then compiled into machine language at run time by the just-in-time compiler. In the .NET Framework implementation, this compiler is part of the Common Language Runtime (CLR).
An assembly can consist of one or more files. Code files are called modules. An assembly can contain more than one code module. And since it is possible to use different languages to create code modules, it is technically possible to use several different languages to create an assembly. Visual Studio however does not support using different languages in one assembly.
0.2845238
420
3
1
0.628930817610063
0
0
0
0
158
99.3710691823899
159
Image
385.000189496509
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/.NET_Logo.svg
.NET Framework
Bottom Center
The .NET Framework (pronounced as "dot net") is a software framework developed by Microsoft that runs primarily on Microsoft Windows. It includes a large class library called Framework Class Library (FCL) and provides language interoperability (each language can use code written in other languages) across several programming languages. Programs written for .NET Framework execute in a software environment (in contrast to a hardware environment) named the Common Language Runtime (CLR). The CLR is an application virtual machine that provides services such as security, memory management, and exception handling. As such, computer code written using .NET Framework is called "managed code". FCL and CLR together constitute the .NET Framework.
FCL provides the user interface, data access, database connectivity, cryptography, web application development, numeric algorithms, and network communications. Programmers produce software by combining their source code with .NET Framework and other libraries. The framework is intended to be used by most new applications created for the Windows platform. Microsoft also produces an integrated development environment for .NET software called Visual Studio.
.NET Framework began as proprietary software, although the firm worked to standardize the software stack almost immediately, even before its first release. Despite the standardization efforts, developers, mainly those in the free and open-source software communities, expressed their unease with the selected terms and the prospects of any free and open-source implementation, especially regarding software patents. Since then, Microsoft has changed .NET development to more closely follow a contemporary model of a community-developed software project, including issuing an update to its patent promising to address the concerns.In April 2019, Microsoft released .NET Framework 4.8, the last version of the framework as a proprietary offering. Only monthly security and reliability bug fixes to that version have been released since then. No further changes to that version are planned.
53.0211171397932
8845.9287109375
6763.19140625
5
3
11.333333
0.010989
0.027523
1.680796
0.214285714285714
0.142857142857143
38
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET Framework
Article
The .NET Framework (pronounced as "dot net") is a software framework developed by Microsoft that runs primarily on Microsoft Windows. It includes a large class library called Framework Class Library (FCL) and provides language interoperability (each language can use code written in other languages) across several programming languages. Programs written for .NET Framework execute in a software environment (in contrast to a hardware environment) named the Common Language Runtime (CLR). The CLR is an application virtual machine that provides services such as security, memory management, and exception handling. As such, computer code written using .NET Framework is called "managed code". FCL and CLR together constitute the .NET Framework.
FCL provides the user interface, data access, database connectivity, cryptography, web application development, numeric algorithms, and network communications. Programmers produce software by combining their source code with .NET Framework and other libraries. The framework is intended to be used by most new applications created for the Windows platform. Microsoft also produces an integrated development environment for .NET software called Visual Studio.
.NET Framework began as proprietary software, although the firm worked to standardize the software stack almost immediately, even before its first release. Despite the standardization efforts, developers, mainly those in the free and open-source software communities, expressed their unease with the selected terms and the prospects of any free and open-source implementation, especially regarding software patents. Since then, Microsoft has changed .NET development to more closely follow a contemporary model of a community-developed software project, including issuing an update to its patent promising to address the concerns.In April 2019, Microsoft released .NET Framework 4.8, the last version of the framework as a proprietary offering. Only monthly security and reliability bug fixes to that version have been released since then. No further changes to that version are planned.
0.3427671
500
3
5
1.66112956810631
5
1.66112956810631
0
0
291
96.6777408637874
301
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Internet_map_1024.jpg
Social Media Research Foundation
Bottom Center
NodeXL is a network analysis and visualization software package for Microsoft Excel 2007/2010/2013/2016. The free version contains network visualization and social network analysis features. The commercial version includes access to social media network data importers, advanced network metrics, and automation. It is a popular package similar to other network visualization tools such as Pajek, UCINet, and Gephi.
1
2411.86083984375
8081.29638671875
1
0
0
0.010309
0.012909
0.361284
0
0
39
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social Media Research Foundation
Article
NodeXL is a network analysis and visualization software package for Microsoft Excel 2007/2010/2013/2016. The free version contains network visualization and social network analysis features. The commercial version includes access to social media network data importers, advanced network metrics, and automation. It is a popular package similar to other network visualization tools such as Pajek, UCINet, and Gephi.
0
1
1
4
6.66666666666667
0
0
0
0
56
93.3333333333333
60
Image
331.399440817647
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/1024px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png
Social network analysis software
Bottom Center
Social network analysis software (SNA software) is software which facilitates quantitative or qualitative analysis of social networks, by describing features of a network either through numerical or visual representation.
33.8957089241877
6764.64697265625
5855.72607421875
2
5
7.166667
0.01087
0.027647
1.400112
0.3
0.166666666666667
40
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social network analysis software
Article
Social network analysis software (SNA software) is software which facilitates quantitative or qualitative analysis of social networks, by describing features of a network either through numerical or visual representation.
0.3808992
500
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
29
100
29
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg
GraphML
Bottom Center
GraphML is an XML-based file format for graphs. The GraphML file format results from the joint effort of the graph drawing community to define a common format for exchanging graph structure data. It uses an XML-based syntax and supports the entire range of possible graph structure constellations including directed, undirected, mixed graphs, hypergraphs, and application-specific attributes.
1
6070.92919921875
5144.15478515625
3
1
0
0.010526
0.020559
0.747599
0.666666666666667
0.333333333333333
41
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GraphML
Article
GraphML is an XML-based file format for graphs. The GraphML file format results from the joint effort of the graph drawing community to define a common format for exchanging graph structure data. It uses an XML-based syntax and supports the entire range of possible graph structure constellations including directed, undirected, mixed graphs, hypergraphs, and application-specific attributes.
0.2315757
94
2
1
1.69491525423729
0
0
0
0
58
98.3050847457627
59
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Batagelj_Vladimir.jpg
Pajek
Bottom Center
Vladimir Batagelj (born June 14, 1948 in Idrija, Yugoslavia) is a Slovenian mathematician and an emeritus professor of mathematics at the University of Ljubljana. He is known for his work in discrete mathematics and combinatorial optimization, particularly analysis of social networks and other large networks.
1
7537.341796875
3746.072265625
2
0
0
0.010417
0.016234
0.559633
0.5
0
42
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pajek
Article
Vladimir Batagelj (born June 14, 1948 in Idrija, Yugoslavia) is a Slovenian mathematician and an emeritus professor of mathematics at the University of Ljubljana. He is known for his work in discrete mathematics and combinatorial optimization, particularly analysis of social networks and other large networks.
0
3
2
1
2.22222222222222
0
0
0
0
44
97.7777777777778
45
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/WorldWideWebAroundWikipedia.png
network visualization
Bottom Center
Graph drawing is an area of mathematics and computer science combining methods from geometric graph theory and information visualization to derive two-dimensional depictions of graphs arising from applications such as social network analysis, cartography, linguistics, and bioinformatics.A drawing of a graph or network diagram is a pictorial representation of the vertices and edges of a graph. This drawing should not be confused with the graph itself: very different layouts can correspond to the same graph. In the abstract, all that matters is which pairs of vertices are connected by edges. In the concrete, however, the arrangement of these vertices and edges within a drawing affects its understandability, usability, fabrication cost, and aesthetics. The problem gets worse if the graph changes over time by adding and deleting edges (dynamic graph drawing) and the goal is to preserve the user's mental map.
1
7744.38916015625
9372.1748046875
2
1
0
0.010526
0.020657
0.742685
0.666666666666667
0
43
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/network visualization
Article
Graph drawing is an area of mathematics and computer science combining methods from geometric graph theory and information visualization to derive two-dimensional depictions of graphs arising from applications such as social network analysis, cartography, linguistics, and bioinformatics.A drawing of a graph or network diagram is a pictorial representation of the vertices and edges of a graph. This drawing should not be confused with the graph itself: very different layouts can correspond to the same graph. In the abstract, all that matters is which pairs of vertices are connected by edges. In the concrete, however, the arrangement of these vertices and edges within a drawing affects its understandability, usability, fabrication cost, and aesthetics. The problem gets worse if the graph changes over time by adding and deleting edges (dynamic graph drawing) and the goal is to preserve the user's mental map.
0.4615384
28
2
1
0.704225352112676
4
2.8169014084507
0
0
137
96.4788732394366
142
Image
20
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Small_Network.png
network theory
Bottom Center
Network theory is the study of graphs as a representation of either symmetric relations or asymmetric relations between discrete objects. In computer science and network science, network theory is a part of graph theory: a network can be defined as a graph in which nodes and/or edges have attributes (e.g. names).
Network theory has applications in many disciplines including statistical physics, particle physics, computer science, electrical engineering, biology, economics, finance, operations research, climatology, ecology, public health, sociology and neuroscience. Applications of network theory include logistical networks, the World Wide Web, Internet, gene regulatory networks, metabolic networks, social networks, epistemological networks, etc.; see List of network theory topics for more examples.
Euler's solution of the Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem is considered to be the first true proof in the theory of networks.
3.29504935308056
4622.61962890625
7681.375
3
1
0.5
0.010526
0.0198
0.757014
0.333333333333333
0.333333333333333
44
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/network theory
Article
Network theory is the study of graphs as a representation of either symmetric relations or asymmetric relations between discrete objects. In computer science and network science, network theory is a part of graph theory: a network can be defined as a graph in which nodes and/or edges have attributes (e.g. names).
Network theory has applications in many disciplines including statistical physics, particle physics, computer science, electrical engineering, biology, economics, finance, operations research, climatology, ecology, public health, sociology and neuroscience. Applications of network theory include logistical networks, the World Wide Web, Internet, gene regulatory networks, metabolic networks, social networks, epistemological networks, etc.; see List of network theory topics for more examples.
Euler's solution of the Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem is considered to be the first true proof in the theory of networks.
0.3307172
493
2
0
0
1
0.746268656716418
0
0
133
99.2537313432836
134
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Microsoft_Office_Excel_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg
Microsoft Excel
Bottom Center
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android and iOS. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). It has been a very widely applied spreadsheet for these platforms, especially since version 5 in 1993, and it has replaced Lotus 1-2-3 as the industry standard for spreadsheets. Excel forms part of the Microsoft Office suite of software.
1
7784.41162109375
5910.05126953125
1
2
0
0.010526
0.019663
0.761129
0.5
0
45
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft Excel
Article
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android and iOS. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). It has been a very widely applied spreadsheet for these platforms, especially since version 5 in 1993, and it has replaced Lotus 1-2-3 as the industry standard for spreadsheets. Excel forms part of the Microsoft Office suite of software.
0.4320844
500
3
2
2.73972602739726
0
0
0
0
71
97.2602739726027
73
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Symbol_redirect_arrow_with_gradient.svg
Microsoft Public License
Bottom Center
The Shared Source Initiative (SSI) is a source-available software licensing scheme launched by Microsoft in May 2001. The program includes a spectrum of technologies and licenses, and most of its source code offerings are available for download after eligibility criteria are met.
1
1109.47668457031
9287.4638671875
1
0
0
0.010309
0.012909
0.361284
0
0
46
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft Public License
Article
The Shared Source Initiative (SSI) is a source-available software licensing scheme launched by Microsoft in May 2001. The program includes a spectrum of technologies and licenses, and most of its source code offerings are available for download after eligibility criteria are met.
0.3095237
12
1
2
4.65116279069767
0
0
0
0
41
95.3488372093023
43
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Detail_of_Tree_of_Knowledge_after_Diderot_%26_d%27Alembert%27s_Encyclop%C3%A9die%2C_by_Chr%C3%A9tien_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Guillaume_Roth.jpg
data visualization
Bottom Center
Data visualization (often abbreviated data viz) is an interdisciplinary field that deals with the graphic representation of data. It is a particularly efficient way of communicating when the data is numerous as for example a Time Series. From an academic point of view, this representation can be considered as a mapping between the original data (usually numerical) and graphic elements (for example, lines or points in a chart). The mapping determines how the attributes of these elements vary according to the data. In this light, a bar chart is a mapping of the length of a bar to a magnitude of a variable. Since the graphic design of the mapping can adversely affect the readability of a chart, mapping is a core competency of Data visualization. Data visualization has its roots in the field of Statistics and is therefore generally considered a branch of Descriptive Statistics. However, because both design skills and statistical and computing skills are required to visualize effectively, it is argued by some authors that it is both an Art and a Science.
1
7847.78125
1183.87133789063
2
1
0
0.010417
0.015233
0.585014
0.5
0.5
47
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/data visualization
Article
Data visualization (often abbreviated data viz) is an interdisciplinary field that deals with the graphic representation of data. It is a particularly efficient way of communicating when the data is numerous as for example a Time Series. From an academic point of view, this representation can be considered as a mapping between the original data (usually numerical) and graphic elements (for example, lines or points in a chart). The mapping determines how the attributes of these elements vary according to the data. In this light, a bar chart is a mapping of the length of a bar to a magnitude of a variable. Since the graphic design of the mapping can adversely affect the readability of a chart, mapping is a core competency of Data visualization. Data visualization has its roots in the field of Statistics and is therefore generally considered a branch of Descriptive Statistics. However, because both design skills and statistical and computing skills are required to visualize effectively, it is argued by some authors that it is both an Art and a Science.
0.4858571
500
5
2
1.13636363636364
0
0
0
0
174
98.8636363636364
176
Image
182.132222245839
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Rayleigh-Taylor_instability.jpg
Data analysis
Bottom Center
Data analysis is a process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusions, and supporting decision-making. Data analysis has multiple facets and approaches, encompassing diverse techniques under a variety of names, and is used in different business, science, and social science domains. In today's business world, data analysis plays a role in making decisions more scientific and helping businesses operate more effectively.Data mining is a particular data analysis technique that focuses on statistical modeling and knowledge discovery for predictive rather than purely descriptive purposes, while business intelligence covers data analysis that relies heavily on aggregation, focusing mainly on business information. In statistical applications, data analysis can be divided into descriptive statistics, exploratory data analysis (EDA), and confirmatory data analysis (CDA). EDA focuses on discovering new features in the data while CDA focuses on confirming or falsifying existing hypotheses. Predictive analytics focuses on the application of statistical models for predictive forecasting or classification, while text analytics applies statistical, linguistic, and structural techniques to extract and classify information from textual sources, a species of unstructured data. All of the above are varieties of data analysis.Data integration is a precursor to data analysis, and data analysis is closely linked to data visualization and data dissemination.
10.1801974123223
9209.8125
327.719421386719
4
3
2
0.010638
0.019328
1.052847
0.333333333333333
0.75
48
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data analysis
Article
Data analysis is a process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusions, and supporting decision-making. Data analysis has multiple facets and approaches, encompassing diverse techniques under a variety of names, and is used in different business, science, and social science domains. In today's business world, data analysis plays a role in making decisions more scientific and helping businesses operate more effectively.Data mining is a particular data analysis technique that focuses on statistical modeling and knowledge discovery for predictive rather than purely descriptive purposes, while business intelligence covers data analysis that relies heavily on aggregation, focusing mainly on business information. In statistical applications, data analysis can be divided into descriptive statistics, exploratory data analysis (EDA), and confirmatory data analysis (CDA). EDA focuses on discovering new features in the data while CDA focuses on confirming or falsifying existing hypotheses. Predictive analytics focuses on the application of statistical models for predictive forecasting or classification, while text analytics applies statistical, linguistic, and structural techniques to extract and classify information from textual sources, a species of unstructured data. All of the above are varieties of data analysis.Data integration is a precursor to data analysis, and data analysis is closely linked to data visualization and data dissemination.
0.4951894
500
5
6
2.8169014084507
0
0
0
0
207
97.1830985915493
213
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Detail_of_Tree_of_Knowledge_after_Diderot_%26_d%27Alembert%27s_Encyclop%C3%A9die%2C_by_Chr%C3%A9tien_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Guillaume_Roth.jpg
Data visualization
Bottom Center
Data visualization (often abbreviated data viz) is an interdisciplinary field that deals with the graphic representation of data. It is a particularly efficient way of communicating when the data is numerous as for example a Time Series. From an academic point of view, this representation can be considered as a mapping between the original data (usually numerical) and graphic elements (for example, lines or points in a chart). The mapping determines how the attributes of these elements vary according to the data. In this light, a bar chart is a mapping of the length of a bar to a magnitude of a variable. Since the graphic design of the mapping can adversely affect the readability of a chart, mapping is a core competency of Data visualization. Data visualization has its roots in the field of Statistics and is therefore generally considered a branch of Descriptive Statistics. However, because both design skills and statistical and computing skills are required to visualize effectively, it is argued by some authors that it is both an Art and a Science.
1
8838.369140625
68.2137603759766
3
1
0
0.010526
0.017693
0.800998
0.666666666666667
0.333333333333333
49
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data visualization
Article
Data visualization (often abbreviated data viz) is an interdisciplinary field that deals with the graphic representation of data. It is a particularly efficient way of communicating when the data is numerous as for example a Time Series. From an academic point of view, this representation can be considered as a mapping between the original data (usually numerical) and graphic elements (for example, lines or points in a chart). The mapping determines how the attributes of these elements vary according to the data. In this light, a bar chart is a mapping of the length of a bar to a magnitude of a variable. Since the graphic design of the mapping can adversely affect the readability of a chart, mapping is a core competency of Data visualization. Data visualization has its roots in the field of Statistics and is therefore generally considered a branch of Descriptive Statistics. However, because both design skills and statistical and computing skills are required to visualize effectively, it is argued by some authors that it is both an Art and a Science.
0.4858571
500
5
2
1.13636363636364
0
0
0
0
174
98.8636363636364
176
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Directed.svg
graph (data structure)
Bottom Center
In computer science, a graph is an abstract data type that is meant to implement the undirected graph and directed graph concepts from the field of graph theory within mathematics.
A graph data structure consists of a finite (and possibly mutable) set of vertices (also called nodes or points), together with a set of unordered pairs of these vertices for an undirected graph or a set of ordered pairs for a directed graph. These pairs are known as edges (also called links or lines), and for a directed graph are also known as edges but also sometimes arrows or arcs. The vertices may be part of the graph structure, or may be external entities represented by integer indices or references.
A graph data structure may also associate to each edge some edge value, such as a symbolic label or a numeric attribute (cost, capacity, length, etc.).
1
9514.7109375
3746.072265625
2
0
0
0.010417
0.016219
0.56538
0.5
0
50
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/graph (data structure)
Article
In computer science, a graph is an abstract data type that is meant to implement the undirected graph and directed graph concepts from the field of graph theory within mathematics.
A graph data structure consists of a finite (and possibly mutable) set of vertices (also called nodes or points), together with a set of unordered pairs of these vertices for an undirected graph or a set of ordered pairs for a directed graph. These pairs are known as edges (also called links or lines), and for a directed graph are also known as edges but also sometimes arrows or arcs. The vertices may be part of the graph structure, or may be external entities represented by integer indices or references.
A graph data structure may also associate to each edge some edge value, such as a symbolic label or a numeric attribute (cost, capacity, length, etc.).
0
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
146
100
146
Image
53.6455345135411
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/.NET_Logo.svg
Windows Presentation Foundation
Bottom Center
Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) is a free and open-source graphical subsystem (similar to WinForms) originally developed by Microsoft for rendering user interfaces in Windows-based applications. WPF, previously known as "Avalon", was initially released as part of .NET Framework 3.0 in 2006. WPF uses DirectX and attempts to provide a consistent programming model for building applications. It separates the user interface from business logic, and resembles similar XML-oriented object models, such as those implemented in XUL and SVG.
4.06006733414032
9339.42578125
7744.13037109375
3
2
0.666667
0.010638
0.02193
0.980344
0.416666666666667
0.25
51
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows Presentation Foundation
Article
Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) is a free and open-source graphical subsystem (similar to WinForms) originally developed by Microsoft for rendering user interfaces in Windows-based applications. WPF, previously known as "Avalon", was initially released as part of .NET Framework 3.0 in 2006. WPF uses DirectX and attempts to provide a consistent programming model for building applications. It separates the user interface from business logic, and resembles similar XML-oriented object models, such as those implemented in XUL and SVG.
0.2852973
500
3
2
2.46913580246914
1
1.23456790123457
0
0
78
96.2962962962963
81
Image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/C_Sharp_wordmark.svg
C Sharp (programming language)
Bottom Center
C# (pronounced see sharp) is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm programming language encompassing static typing, strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.C# was developed around 2000 by Microsoft as part of its .NET initiative and later approved as an international standard by Ecma (ECMA-334) in 2002 and ISO (ISO/IEC 23270) in 2003. It was designed by Anders Hejlsberg, and its development team is currently led by Mads Torgersen, being one of the programming languages designed for the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI). The most recent version is 9.0, which was released in 2020 in .NET 5.0 and included in Visual Studio 2019 version 16.8.Mono is a free and open-source project to develop a cross-platform compiler and runtime environment (i.e. virtual machine) for the language.
1
9942.3017578125
7897.9609375
1
2
0
0.010526
0.018856
0.773703
0.666666666666667
0
52
Open Wiki Page for This Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C Sharp (programming language)
Article
C# (pronounced see sharp) is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm programming language encompassing static typing, strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.C# was developed around 2000 by Microsoft as part of its .NET initiative and later approved as an international standard by Ecma (ECMA-334) in 2002 and ISO (ISO/IEC 23270) in 2003. It was designed by Anders Hejlsberg, and its development team is currently led by Mads Torgersen, being one of the programming languages designed for the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI). The most recent version is 9.0, which was released in 2020 in .NET 5.0 and included in Visual Studio 2019 version 16.8.Mono is a free and open-source project to develop a cross-platform compiler and runtime environment (i.e. virtual machine) for the language.
0.3065838
500
3
4
2.7972027972028
2
1.3986013986014
0
0
137
95.8041958041958
143
1
Solid
No
110
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
3
1
Solid
No
109
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
3
3
1
Solid
No
107
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
3
3
1
Solid
Yes
106
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
3
3
1
Solid
No
105
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
3
1
Solid
Yes
104
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
3
3
1
Solid
No
101
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
3
3
1
Solid
No
100
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
3
3
1
Solid
No
99
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
3
1
Solid
Yes
97
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
5
5
1
Solid
No
96
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
5
1
Solid
Yes
95
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
5
5
1
Solid
No
91
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
5
5
1
Solid
No
98
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
5
1
Solid
Yes
94
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
5
5
1
Solid
Yes
92
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
5
5
1
Solid
Yes
90
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
5
5
1
Solid
Yes
88
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
5
5
1
Solid
No
89
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
5
1
Solid
No
87
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
79
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
3
1
Solid
No
78
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
3
3
1
Solid
No
77
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
3
3
1
Solid
No
86
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
2
1
Solid
Yes
85
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
2
1
Solid
Yes
83
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
2
1
Solid
No
73
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
2
1
Solid
No
82
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
2
1
Solid
No
81
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
2
1
Solid
No
72
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
2
1
Solid
No
76
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
2
1
Solid
No
64
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
2
1
Solid
Yes
69
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
2
1
Solid
No
68
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
2
1
Solid
Yes
67
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
2
1
Solid
No
62
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
2
1
Solid
Yes
66
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
2
1
Solid
No
65
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
2
1
Solid
Yes
63
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
2
1
Solid
No
61
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
2
1
Solid
No
60
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
2
1
Solid
No
54
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
108
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
3
1
Solid
No
103
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
3
3
1
Solid
No
52
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
3
3
1
Solid
No
53
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
3
1
Solid
No
102
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
3
1
Solid
No
74
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
3
1
Solid
No
46
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
4
3
1
Solid
No
51
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
4
1
Solid
Yes
50
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
4
4
1
Solid
Yes
48
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
4
4
1
Solid
No
45
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
4
4
1
Solid
No
93
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
5
1
Solid
No
43
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
4
5
1
Solid
No
42
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
4
4
1
Solid
No
41
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
4
1
Solid
No
49
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
4
1
Solid
No
44
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
4
4
1
Solid
No
39
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
4
4
1
Solid
No
40
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
4
1
Solid
No
38
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
4
4
1
Solid
No
37
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
4
1
Solid
No
80
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
2
1
Solid
Yes
71
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
2
1
Solid
Yes
70
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
2
1
Solid
Yes
58
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
2
1
Solid
Yes
56
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
2
1
Solid
No
36
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
55
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
34
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
35
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
33
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
32
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
31
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
30
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
29
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
28
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
Yes
27
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
Yes
25
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
24
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
23
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
22
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
21
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
20
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
19
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
26
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
18
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
17
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
16
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
47
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
4
1
Solid
No
14
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
4
4
1
Solid
No
15
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
4
1
Solid
No
12
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
11
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
13
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
9
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
10
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
75
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
2
1
Solid
No
59
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
2
1
Solid
No
7
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
2
1
Solid
No
84
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
2
1
Solid
No
6
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
2
1
Solid
No
57
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
2
1
Solid
No
5
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
2
2
1
Solid
No
8
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
2
1
Solid
No
4
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1
1
Solid
No
3
Article-Article
1
Hyperlink
1
1